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Chapter 2 - Microcontroller PIC16F84

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C o n t e n t s 1
PIC book 2
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CHAPTER 1 6
1.2 Central Processing Unit 8
1.1 Memory unit 8
1.3 Bus 9
1.4 Input-output unit 10
1.5 Serial communication 10
1.6 Timer unit 11
1.7 Watchdog 11
1.9 Program 13
CHAPTER 2 15
CISC, RISC 16
Applications 17
Clock / instruction cycle 17
Pipelining 17
Pin description 18
Types of oscillators 20
XT Oscillator 20
RC Oscillator 20
2.2 Reset 23
2.3 Central Processing Unit 25
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) 25
STATUS Register 27
OPTION register 28
2.4 Ports 31
2.5 Memory organization 33
Program memory 33
Data memory 33
SFR registers 33
Memory Banks 34
Program Counter 35
In System Programming 35
Addressing modes 35
Direct Addressing 35
Indirect Addressing 36
2.6 Interrupts 38
INTCON Register 38
Interrupt initialization 43
2.7 Free-run timer TMR0 45
OPTION Control Register 48
2.8 EEPROM Data memory 50
EECON1 Register 50
Reading from EEPROM Memory 51
Writing to EEPROM Memory 51
CHAPTER 3 53
Arithmetic and logic 54
Bit operations 54
Directing a program flow 54
Instruction Execution Period 55
Word list 55
Chapter 3 - Instruction Set 56
CHAPTER 4 57
Introduction 58
Assembly language 59
Instructions 59
Operands 60
Comments 60
Directives 60
Data Directives 66
CHAPTER 5 72
Chapter 5 - MPLAB 73
Screen prior to installment 79
Installment flow 80
5.2 MPLAB 82
5.4 Designing a project 85
Adjusting project elements 86
Opening a new project 88
Assembler file added 88
5.6 Writing a program 91
5.7 MPSIM Simulator 93
5.8 Toolbar 95
Toolbar icon description 95
CHAPTER 6 98
Macros used in programs 100
Macros WAIT, WAITX 100
Macro PRINT 101
Chapter 6 - Samples 102
Samples 104
Light-Emitting Diodes - LEDs 104
Keyboard 107
Optocoupler 110
Optocoupler on an input line 110
Optocoupler on an output line 112
The Relay 113
Generating a sound 117
Shift registers 121
Input shift register 74HC597 121
Output shift register 124
LCD Display 133
Macro for LCD support 139
Serial Communication 150
Main program: 154
Appendix A 156
A.2 MOVWF Copy W to f 157
A.3 MOVF Copy f to d 157
A.4 CLRW Write 0 in W 158
A.5 Write 0 in f 158
Appendix A - Instruction Set 159
A.8 ADDWF Add W to f 160
A.17 INCF Increment f 164
A.18 DECF Decrement f 165
A.21 COMF Complement f 168
A.23 BSF Set bit b in f 169
A.33 NOP No operation 174
Appendix B 177
B.2 Binary numeric system 178
Appendix B - Numeric Systems 179
Conclusion 181
Appendix C 183
Appendix C - Glossary 184

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